The University Journal

Influence of social innovation on organizational effectiveness of non-profit organizations: A case of gotabgaa international in the United States of America

Thomas K Tarus — 2023-02-28

Technology has transformed how social organizations and individuals socialize and do business today. It has generated tremendous, as well as complex economic and social challenges that mostly involve problems that people have interacting with others in society or engaging in normal social behaviors. Among the strategies posed to conquer the post-modern challenges is the concept of social innovation that involves much more than creating a new model, but one that creates empathy, as well as a change in power related relationships and a change in the way people think and act. The research studied the influence of social innovation on organizational effectiveness in Gotabgaa International organization in the USA. It focused on the organization’s adoption and utilization of social media platform as a social innovation. The findings from the study established that social needs, organizational political environment, organizational culture and organizational social capital statistically significantly predicted organizational effectiveness F(4, 217) = 190.968, p < .001.The findings also demonstrate the positive effect of innovation on organizational effectiveness and that the social system internal to the organization is essential to the adoption of innovations. It is also evident from the findings that social innovation is much more likely to take place when there are favorable organizational conditions.

Alliance structural design and its influence on competitive advantage in strategic collaborations between universities and teaching hospitals in Kenya

Paul Sesi — 2023-02-28

Kenya is one of the Developing countries that are yet to attain universal healthcare goals. It targets and envisions collaborations in healthcare as being critical to the realization of the universal health goals. The general objective of the study was therefore toestablish the influence of the alliance structural design on strategic collaboration competitive advantage among universities and teaching hospitals in Kenya. This study adopted a positivist philosophy and a descriptive cross sectional research design. The study population comprised 10 universities and 10 teaching hospitals as approved, by the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council, respectively. The census technique was deployed to make use of all the elements in the population with primary data collected by use of a structured questionnaire, while secondary data was collected using a document review guide. Frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersal were used in descriptive statistical analysis while correlations, cross tabulations and ordinal logistic regression were used for inferential statistical analysis. Ordinal logistic regression helped determine the significance of relationships between the predictor and outcome variables. The study established that the alliance structurewas significant for collaboration competitive advantage. Competitive advantage was operationalized using financial
outcomes and learning and growth. Alliance structural design was a significant predictor of the financial outcome of universities (β = 1.513, p < 0.05), teaching hospitals (β = 1.518, p < 0.05) and in combination (β = 1.520, p < 0.05). Alliance structural design was also a significant predictor of learning and growth in universities (β = 1.594, p < 0.05), teaching hospitals (β = 1.231, p < 0.05) and combined (β = 1.371, p < 0.05).

Influence of selling situational leadership style on employee commitment within non-governmental organizations in Kenya

Josephine Njoroge — 2023-02-28

This paper addresses the influence of selling situational leadership style on employee commitment within Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in Kenya. Methodically, the study was guided by the positivism research philosophy. The study applied a descriptive correlational research design which was used to analyze data and provide responses to the research question and confirm or reject the correlation between two or more variables using hard data from the use of various data collection
methods. The major emphasis is on determining cause and effect relationships. The population of the study was 80,299 employees from 2,816 NGOs operating within Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to select 383 respondents for the study, having a response rate of 94.5%. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires that were designed based on the research objectives. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in the analysis. The regression analysis revealed that selling situational leadership style influenced the employee commitment (β = 0.432, p=0.00) showing that a change of selling situational leadership style by a unit influenced employee commitment by 22.6%. From the empirical evidence and conclusion, this study recommends that the NGOs’ managers need to apply selling situational leadership style so that employees that are provided with equal chances at the workplace, feel acknowledged for their contribution. In turn, this leads to a sense of belonging and shared purpose among them. Thus, this encourages them and motivates them to give their best efforts to the companies.

Idealized influence and the growth of intra-regional trade in the East African community

Abdikadir O Aden — 2023-02-28

The study sought to investigate the influence of idealized influence of the Council of Ministers on the perceived growth of Intra-Regional Trade in the East African Community (EAC). The research question highligthed in this paper therefore is: To what extent does idealized influence of the Council Members influence the growth of Intra-Regional Trade in the EAC? The study adopted positivism research philosophy and explanatory sequential mixed design and was anchored on the transformational leadership theory. The target population comprised 205 Senior Trade Officers and Senior technical officers at the EAC headquarters. A sample size of 152 was drawn using random sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire containing open and closed ended questions, while interview guide was used for the technical officers. Data collected was coded, cleaned and analysed using SPSS version 24 to obtaindescriptive and inferential statsitics. The results showed that ideаlizedinfluence significаntly predicted the growth of intra-regional trade in the EAC, R2= 0.162, F (1, 121) = 23.452, p < .05; β = .364, t (9.197) = 4.843, p < .05. The null hypothesis was rejected. The findings showed that increased idealized influence will have a positive effect on the growth of intraregional trade. The study concluded that to enhance the growth of intra-regional trade, the council should be aware that idealized influencebehavior enhances the growth of intra-regional trade. The study recommends further research on the moderating effect of national culture on the influence of idealized influence on the growth of intra-regional trade in the EAC.

Individualized consideration and the growth of intra-regional trade in the East African community

Timothy C Oketch — 2023-02-28

The study sought to investigate the influence of individualized consideration of the Council of Ministers
on the perceived growth of Intra-Regional Trade in the EAC. The research question for the study: How
does individualized consideration of the Council of Ministers influence the growth of Intra-Regional
Trade in the EAC? The study adopted positivism research philosophy and explanatory sequential mixed
design and was anchored on the transformational leadership theory. Population for the study was 205
Senior Trade Officers and Senior technical officers at the EAC headquarters. A sample size of 152 was
drawn using random sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire
containing open and closed ended questions, while interview guide was used for the technical officers.
Data collected was coded, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 24 to obtain descriptive and
inferential statistics. Results showed that the individualized consideration significantly influenced the
growth of intra-regional trade in the EAC, R2=.366, F(1,121) = 69.786, p<.05; β =.561,
t(7.868)=8.354, p<.05 leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Based on the findings, it was
concluded that to enhance the growth of intra-regional trade, the council should be aware that their
individualized consideration behavior enhances the growth of intra-regional trade. The study
recommends for further research to understand the influence of the individualized consideration of the
Summit members of the EAC on the growth of intra-regional trade.

Learning strategic orientation and sustained competitive advantage in four- and five-star hotels in Kenya

Zoni M Mwangi — 2023-02-28

Four- and five-star hotels face intense competition from lower-rated hotels, international chains and the more recent vacation home rentals, often threatening their competitive advantage. This study explored the influence of learning strategic orientation on sustained competitive advantage in four- and five-starhotels in Kenya.The target population was 640 senior hotel managers from 80 four-and five-star hotels and a five-point Likert scale survey instrument which was completed by 247 respondents.
Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling and the analysis indicated that learning strategic orientation had a positive and significant influence (p<0.05) on sustained competitive advantage in four- and five-star hotels in Kenya. The study recommends considering training as an investment and budgeting resources for continuous staff training. Hotel management should share the organizational vision across all levels and constantly share information about competitors. Policymakers should support hospitality institutions, training of interns and exposure of local hoteliers to the international market.

Strategic leadership and its influence on competitive advantage in strategic collaborations between universities and teaching hospitals in Kenya

Paul Sesi — 2023-02-28

Kenya lags behind in the attainment of universal healthcare goals and targets despite envisioning
collaborations in healthcare as being critical to the realization of the universal health goals. The
general objective of the study was to establish the influence of strategic leadership on strategic
collaboration competitive advantage among universities and teaching hospitals in Kenya. This study
adopted a positivist philosophy and a descriptive cross sectional research design. The study population
comprised 10 universities and 10 teaching hospitals as approved by the Kenya Medical Practitioners
and Dentists Council, respectively. The census technique was deployed to make use of all the elements
in the population with primary data collected by use of a structured questionnaire, while secondary
data was collected using a document review guide. Frequencies, measures of central tendency and
dispersal were used in descriptive statistical analysis, while correlations, cross tabulations and ordinal
logistic regression were used for inferential statistical analysis. Ordinal logistic regression helped
determine the significance of relationships between the predictor and outcome variables. The study
established that strategic leadership was significant for collaboration competitive advantage.
Competitive advantage was operationalized using financial outcomes and learning and growth.
Strategic leadership was a significant predictor of financial outcomes in universities (β = 1.524, p <
0.05), teaching hospitals (β = 1.7, p < 0.05) and combined (β = 1.556, p < 0.05). Strategic leadership
was also a significant predictor of learning and growth in universities (β = 0.981, p < 0.05), teaching
hospitals (β = 1.186, p < 0.05) and combined (β = 1.037, p < 0.05).

The effect of transaction costs of mobile credit on the financial prosperity of micro and small entrepreneurs in Nairobi County, Kenya

Anne Kimari — 2023-02-28

The purpose of this paper is to establish the effect of transaction costs of mobile credit on financial prosperity of MSEs. Financial prosperity looks at constructs of profitability, the leverage and liquidity. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 271,365 licensed MSEs as per the Nairobi City County Licensing Database as of November 2020. The sample size was 400 MSEs. The results showed a negative and significant (P-value = 0.005) influence oftransaction costs of mobile credit on financial prosperity of micro entrepreneurs. Thus, an increase in transaction cost of mobile credit leads to a decline in financial prosperity for the MSEs.

Technology orientation and sustained competitive advantage in star rated hotels in Kenya

Robert Muriithi — 2023-02-28

Luxury hotels face an increasingly complex environment that calls for ingenuity in sustaining competitive advantage. This paper examinesthe influence of technology orientation on sustained competitive advantage in four- and five-star hotels in Kenya. The study was anchored on the resourcebased viewdue to its support for sustained competitive advantage and internal resources in
highly competitive environments. The study followed the positivism research paradigm and applied a descriptive correlational research design. The sample comprised 283 senior managers and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze structural relationships and test hypothesis. The results established that technology orientation had a positive and significant influence (p<0.05) on sustained competitive advantagein the operations of four-and five-star hotels. The study concluded that constantly and creatively upgrading technology standards for front desk, reservations and in-room amenities enhanced technology orientation. The study has implications for industry stakeholders and policymakers toinvest in research and development, acquisition of new technology and application of the latest technologies.

Influence of asset quality, capital adequacy, loan structure and macro-economic variables on financing of mortgage products by commercial banks in Kenya

Robert Muriithi — 2023-02-28

The study sought to determine the influence of asset quality, capital adequacy, loan structure and macro-economic variables on Financing of mortgage products by commercial banks in Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design targeting 196 bank managers including, relationship managers, head of mortgage/retail sales, head of documentation, credit manager, head of
documentation, head of finance, and finally head of legal. Data collected was coded and cleaned before undertaking necessary analysis that comprised descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was done by means of frequency tables, mean, standard deviations, charts and figures, while inferential statistics included ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis. The results show that asset quality, capital adequacy, loan structure, macroeconomic variables jointly influence 81.5% of the mortgage financing. Further they were positively and statistically significant in predicting the variation in mortgage financing (F (4, 147) = 161.65, p<.000). The study recommends that banks should consider their credit portfolio in making decisions on financing mortgage products. More so, banks should favour adjustable-rate mortgages as opposed to fixed-rate mortgages and that banks should not charge high loan fee for mortgage products. Finally, it is recommended that banks should support the government housing finance systems by offering various mortgage loan flexibilities to developers of affordable housing products and that it should formulate policy and procedure on mortgages that can support commercial banks in financing mortgage products.

Influence of macroeconomic variables on financing of mortgage products by commercial banks in Kenya

William Maina — 2023-02-28

Various macroeconomic variables including gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate, inflation,
money supply, and exchange rate, among others, have implication on financing of mortgage by
financial institutions including Banks. In this paper, these variables are incorporated so as to analyze
the influence of macroeconomic variables on mortgage financing by commercial banks. This study
sought to determine the influence of macroeconomic variables on the financing of mortgage market
products among commercial bank in Kenya. The study surveyed 196 head of documentation, credit
operations, credit manager, legal, finance, relationship manager and head of retail sales from 28
commercial banks that offer mortgage products. Data was collected by the use of structured
questionnaire. Findings on the effect of macroeconomic variables on the level of mortgage products
financing showed that that there is a statistically significant correlation between financing of mortgage
products and macroeconomic variables (r=.731, p<.0.000). In addition, results showed that
macroeconomic variables explain the variations of 53.5% of the mortgage financing. Based on the
results, this paper concludes that macro-economic variables in terms of general price levels, gross
domestic product, exchange rate and interest rate have a statistically significant influence on financing
of mortgage products. Results are also conclusive that the additional costs on property price discourage
buyers in acquiring property. The exchange rate applied at any given time affects financing of
mortgages. This study recommends that commercial banks should develop a system that constantly
monitors the macroeconomic environment to determine if the conditions are favorable for mortgage
provision. The system should be developed to monitor macroeconomic indicators such as income level,
inflation, interest levels, and exchange rates. Importantly, commercial banks should set favorable down
payment, that clients can afford to payment at once and clear the balance in installments.

Organizational agility capabilities and sustainable competitive advantage in private multi-Practice hospitals in Kenya

John Ngeche — 2023-02-28

This study’s purpose was to explore the relationship between organizational agility and sustained competitive advantage among Kenyan Private Multi-Practice Hospitals (PMPHs). The study was driven by positivism philosophy and used a descriptive correlational research design. The target population included 690 managers from 46 private level 5 hospitals in Kenya from which a sample of 253 managers was obtained using stratified simple random sampling technique. To gather data, a standardized questionnaire was administered. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics (means, percentages, frequencies and standard deviations) and structural equation modelling. The findings from the study established that organizational agility of the PMPHs in Kenya had a significant positive effect on their sustained competitive advantage (β= 0.556, CR = 5.158, p <0.05). There are implications from the study findings for Kenya's private hospital administration to enhance the organizational agility capabilities of their hospitals such as sensing capabilities, leveraging capabilities and reconfiguration capabilities, as an avenue to effectively, and efficiently respond to the complex and dynamic external environment.

Structural equation modeling of the relationship between external analysis and performance of national non-governmental organizations in the health sector of Kenya

Michael N Kawiti — 2023-02-28

The primary purpose of this study was to apply structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to establish the relationship between external analysis of micro factors and the performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the health sector of Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional research design and a positivist research philosophy. The study’s target population was 564 program directors and chief executive officers (CEOs) from 282 national
NGOs in the health sector registered with the NGO coordination board. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample size of 234 program directors and CEOs who were selected using a stratified random sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistical methods (CFA and SEM). Data analysis was aided by Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Version 26 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. The outcomes of the study revealed that conducting external analysis of micro factors had a significant influence on the performance of national NGOs in the health sector in Kenya (β = 0.559, CR = 4.642, p< 0.05). According to the findings, external analysis of the task environment is essential for national NGOs in the health sector in Kenya to achieve their organizational performance goals. The study has implications for national NGOs in the health sector to routinely analyze the task environment to ensure that all micro factors are aligned to the strategies of the organization and thus enhance organizational performance.